NREL has released two new reports detailing solar system costs. Continuing an annual NREL cost benchmarking effort that began in 2010, “U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System Cost Benchmark: Q1 2018PDF” found installed costs of PV systems declined across two of three sectors in the first quarter of 2018 from a year earlier. A different NREL report, “2018 U.S. Utility-Scale Photovoltaics-Plus-Energy Storage System Cost BenchmarkPDF,” establishes NREL’s first benchmark of solar+storage costs.
NREL’s 2018 cost benchmarks for installed PV systems found a continued decline in cost for residential- and commercial-scale systems, and a slight increase in cost for utility-scale systems.
Costs Fall for Residential and Commercial Standalone PV
Specifically, the Q1 PV cost benchmarks are $2.70 per watt of direct current (Wdc) for residential systems (a 4.9% cost decline), $1.83 per Wdc for commercial systems (a 2.6% decrease), $1.06 per Wdc for fixed-tilt utility-scale systems (a 1.9% increase), and $1.13 per Wdc for one-axis-tracking utility-scale systems (a 0.9% increase).
“Higher-voltage inverter designs, lower inverter prices and higher module efficiencies contributed to cost reductions,” said Ran Fu, who authored the report with fellow NREL researchers David Feldman, Mike Woodhouse and Robert Margolis. On the other hand, higher module prices, higher labor wages and higher steel prices raised costs. In the utility sector, where PV modules represent a larger portion of overall project costs, increased module prices helped to drive the slight increase in installed solar costs.
New Benchmark Established for Battery Storage Costs
Fu and Margolis, along with fellow NREL researcher Timothy Remo, authored a companion report that provides NREL’s first cost benchmarking of energy storage and solar+storage systems. The report, “2018 U.S. Utility-Scale Photovoltaics-Plus-Energy Storage System Cost Benchmark” models the costs of several standalone lithium-ion storage and PV+storage system configurations.
For a standalone storage system, assuming a constant battery price of $209 per kWh, the installed system costs vary from $380/kWh for a four-hour battery system to $895/kWh for a 30-minute battery system.
Historically, most large solar+storage systems have installed PV and storage systems in separate locations. However, the report finds that co-locating the PV and storage subsystems reduces costs related to site preparation, land acquisition, permitting, interconnection, labor and hardware.
Both reports and their models can be used to estimate future cost-reduction opportunities for PV and solar+storage systems, helping to guide research and track costs. These reports were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office.
News item from NREL
Curious if anyone has any references that indicate if or how commercial new construction PV costs differ from PV retrofits.
DG beats lines and poles easily. Problem utilities aren’t telling you is that building a huge solar plant out in the middle of nowhere sounds good, but you still have to get that energy to the individual homes, so the transmission costs are still there. Decentralizing the power onto everyones’ roofs is the way to go, but the utilities lose their “power” and become tertiary sources. Enphase Energy micros are the cornerstone of DG and decentralized power. People need to understand that the cost of solar = initial costs + BOS costs + O&M costs, and in that equation, residential solar is becoming a clear winner. A ~4kW string of IQ7+ is about $4k h/w cost, and the ROI is ~7 years. Beauty of micros is that you can build 1 string of solar at a time as your budget permits, then add more later.